Ram Chawle comedy of manners

The Comedy of Manners or Restoration comedy
Put simply, the comedy of manners is a style of comedy that reflects the life, ideals and manners of upper class society in a way that is essentially true to its traditions and philosophy. The players must strive to maintain the mask of social artifice whilst revealing to the audience what lies behind such manners. In other words it is to make:
The real artificial and the artificial real.
As a theatre form, it has transformed over the years.
Some considerations:
The Restoration period heralded an exciting and boisterous period in theatre after theatres were closed by the Puritans and Commonwealth government between 1642 and 1660 (due to Cromwell). Charles 11 was a fun loving, woman loving and theatre loving king and it was under his reign that drama flourished once more. Audiences were predominately from aristocratic backgrounds.The Restoration period was noted for its comedies although more serious drama was produced by writers such as John Dryden and Thomas Otway.Can be witnessed in ancient form in the plays of Menander from the New Comedy of the Greek theatre in the fourth century BC and then in the work of Roman writers Plautus and Terence.The English comedy of manners began with Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing and then can be seen at its best in Restoration comedy and in the work of Wilde, Shaw and Pinero. In more recent times, work by Coward, Orton and Rattigan encaptured the elements whilst in more modern day drama, Neil Simon and Edward Albee provide worthwhile examples.
       Comedy of manners was first derived from the Greek playwright, Menander, who developed the new comedy in Ancient Greece. The Roman playwrights, Plautus and Terence, used Menander’s style, eventually being copied from playwrights during the Renaissance. Comedy of manners then hit its peak in England in the Restoration period, with playwrights like George Etherege, William Congreve and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, writing popular plays during that time, like Sir Fopling Flutter, The Way of the World and The School for Scandal (Palmer 83). In 1895, Oscar Wilde would write one of the most popular comedy of manners plays, The Importance of Being Earnest. The concept of comedy of manners is still applied today in movies and TV shows over the years. The chief practitioners of the comedy of manners were:
(i)         Sir George Etherege (1635-1691)
(ii)        William Wycherley (1640-1715) 
(iii)       William Congreve (1670-1729)
(iv)       Sir John Vanbrugh (1661 -1726) 
(v)        George Farquhar (1678-1707)
15. The Restoration comedy has been criticized mainly for its
(A) excessive wit and humour
(B) bitter satire and cynicism
(C) indecency and
permissiveness
(D) superficial reflection of society


i)         Sir George Etherege (1635-1691)
Sir Fopling is a character in
(A) Wycherley’s The Plain Dealer
(B) Congreve’s The Way of the
World
(C) Etherege’s The Man of Mode
(D) Davenant’s The Platonick
Lovers
Ans:c] The Man of Mode, or, Sir Fopling Flutter is a Restoration comedy by George Etherege character:Mr. Dorimant, Mr. Medley, Old Bellair, Young Bellair, in love with Emilia, Sir Fopling Flutter,Lady Townley, sister of Old Bellair,Emilia and Mrs. Loveit, in love with Dorimant ,Bellinda, in love with Dorimant ,Lady Woodvill, etc
A]The Plain Dealer is a Restoration comedy by William Wycherley, first performed on 11 December 1676. The play is based on Molière's Le Misanthrope
B]The Way of the World is a play written by English playwright William Congreve.Characters: Millamant, Foible, Mirabell, Lady Wishfort, Fainall, Mrs. Fainall, Mrs. Marwood, Sir Rowland, Waitwell, Sir Wilful
D]The Platonick Lovers[1] is a Caroline era stage play which blends the genres of tragicomedy, satire, and comedy of manners. It was written by Sir William Davenant and first printed in 1636.
(ii)        William Wycherley (1640-1715) 

The Country Wife is a play written
by :
(A) William Wycherley
(B) Thomas Otway
(C) William Congreve
(D) George Etherege
  
Ans;William Wycherley
The Country Wife is a Restoration comedy written in 1675 by William Wycherley. A product of the tolerant early Restoration period, the play reflects an aristocratic and anti-Puritan ideology
Characters: Margery Pinchwife, Alithea, Mr. Pinchwife, Lady Fidget, Mrs. Squeamish, Mr. Horner, Mrs. Dainty Fidget, Harcourt.
(iii)       William Congreve (1670-1729)
Which of the following is a
Restoration Comedy ?
(A) Love for Love
(B) Love’s Labour’s Lost
(C) The Changeling
(D) The City Madam
Ans;(A) Love for Love is a play written by British playwright William Congreve
(B) Love’s Labour’s Lost:Love's Labour's Lost is one of William Shakespeare's early comedies, believed to have been written in the mid-1590s
(C) The Changeling :The Changeling is a Jacobean tragedy written by Thomas Middleton and William Rowley. 
(D) The City Madam ;;The City Madam is a Caroline era comedy written by Philip Massinger.

(iv)       Sir John Vanbrugh (1661 -1726) 
(v)        George Farquhar (1678-1707)

32. Match the following authors with
their respective works with the help
of the code given below :
List – I List – II
I. Oliver
Goldsmith
1. The Vanity of
Human
Wishes
II. John Gay 2. The Vicar of
Wakefield
III. Samuel
Johnson
3. She Stoops to
Conquer
IV. Richard
Sheridan
4. The Beggar’s
Opera
Code :
I II III IV
(A) 1 4 3 2
(B) 2 4 1 3
(C) 3 2 4 1
(D) 4 3 2 1
Ans:(B) 2 4 1 3

UGC 2013 I PAPER

UGC 2013 I PAPER

1. The world population growth rate at a certain reference year was 3.5%. Assuming exponential growth of population, after how many years, the population of the world would have increased by a factor 16 ?

(A) ~ 80 years

(B) ~ 40 years

(C) ~ 160 years

(D) ~ 320 years

Answer: (A)

2. Telephone is an example of

(A) linear communication

(B) non-linear communication

(C) circular

(D) mechanised

Answer: (A)

3. Means of grapevine communication are

(A) formal

(B) informal

(C) critical

(D) corporate

Answer: (B)

4. Communication issues at the international level are addressed by

(A) ILO

(B) ITU

(C) UNDP

(D) UNESCO

Answer: (D)

5. Referential framing used by TV audience connects media with

(A) reality

(B) falsity

(C) negativity

(D) passivity

Answer: (A)

6. The communicated knowledge in a classroom is considered as

(A) non-pervasive treasure

(B) limited judgement

(C) autonomous virtue

(D) cultural capital

Answer: (D)

7. Classroom communication is normally considered as

(A) effective

(B) affective

(C) cognitive

(D) non-selective

Answer: (C)

8. A person writes all the numbers from 0 to 99. The number of times digit 3 will be written is

(A) 18

(B) 19

(C) 20

(D) 21

Answer: (C)

9. Starting from point A, Ajit walks 14 metres towards west, he then turns to his right and walks 14 metres and then turns to his left and walks 10 metres. He again turns to his left and walks 14 metres and reaches to the point E. The shortest distance between A and E is

(A) 38

(B) 42

(C) 52

(D) 24

Answer: (D)

10. A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting around a round table. A is between E and F. E is opposite to D and C is not in either of the neighbouring seats of E. The person opposite to B is

(A) C

(B) D

(C) A

(D) F

Answer: (D)

11. The missing term in the series 2, 7, 24, 77, ?, 723 is

(A) 238

(B) 432

(C) 542

(D) 320

Answer: (A)

12. In certain city the Taxi charges comprise of a fixed charge and the charge of the distance travelled. A person paid ` 156 for a journey of 16 km and another person paid ` 204 for the journey of 24 km. The amount paid by a passenger who has travelled 30 km is

(A) 236

(B) 240

(C) 248

(D) 256

Answer: (B)

13. In certain code HEALTH is written as KHDOWK. The code of NORTH will be

(A) QRUWK

(B) RQWUK

(C) RWQUK

(D) RWUKQ

Answer: (A)

14. Yadav, Arjun, Rajesh and Kamal play cricket. Rajesh and Kamal play tennis but do not play football. Yadav does not play Badminton but play golf. Arjun does not play tennis. Kamal sometimes plays Badminton. Who does play only cricket ?

(A) Yadav

(B) Arjun

(C) Rajesh

(D) Kamal

Answer: (B)

15. A deductive argument can not be valid :

(A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true.

(B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false.

(C) If its premise / premises is/are false and its conclusion is false.

(D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Answer: (B)

16. An analogical argument is strengthened by

(A) making the claim bolder while its premises remain unchanged.

(B) reducing the claim made on the basis of the premises affirmed.

(C) remaining the claim unchanged while the evidence in its support is found to exhibit greater frailty.

(D) None of the above.

Answer: (B)

17. If two propositions cannot both be false but may both be true, what is the relation between the two propositions ?

(A) Contrary

(B) Sub-contrary

(C) Sub-alternation

(D) Contradictory

Answer: (B)

18. Given below are some codes of arrangements of three items in order of wider scope. Select the correct code.

(A) Garments, cloth and shirts

(B) Cloth, garments and shirts

(C) Shirts, garments and cloth

(D) Garments, shirts and cloth

Answer: (B)

19. What is equivalent of the statement ‘All atheists are pessimists’ ?

(A) All non-pessimists are nonatheists.

(B) All non-atheists are nonpessimists.

(C) All pessimists are atheists.

(D) None of the above.

Answer: (A)

In the following table, trends in production of energy in India by primary sources are given. Study the table and answer Question Nos. 20 to 23 : (Production in peta Joules)

Year	Coal & Lignite	Crude Petroleum	Natural Gas	Electricity (Hydro & Nuclear)	Total
2006-07	7459	1423	1223	4763	14,868
2007-08	7926	1429	1248	4944	15,547
2008-09	8476	1403	1265	5133	16,277
2009-10	9137	1411	1830	4511	16,889
2010-11	9207	1579	2012	5059	17,857

20. In which year primary sources recorded the lowest growth in total production of energy ?

(A) 2007–08

(B) 2008–09

(C) 2009–10

(D) 2010–11

Answer: (C)

21. Which source of energy has shown the highest growth rate in production during 2006-07 to 2010-11 ?

(A) Coal & lignite

(B) Crude petroleum

(C) Hydro & nuclear electricity

(D) Total production of energy

Answer: (A)

22. Which one of the following primary sources of energy has recorded the highest growth in production in 2008–09 ?

(A) Coal & lignite

(B) Crude petroleum

(C) Natural gas

(D) Hydro & nuclear electricity

Answer: (A)

23. In which year, production of hydro and nuclear electricity was almost double the production of crude petroleum and natural gas taken together ?

(A) 2006–07

(B) 2007–08

(C) 2008–09

(D) 2009–10

Answer: (C)

24. The Internet ethical protocol is called

(A) net protocol

(B) netiquette

(C) net ethics

(D) net morality

Answer: (B)

25. Commercial messages on the net are identified as

(A) Net ads

(B) Internet commercials

(C) Webmercials

(D) Viral advertisements

Answer: (C)

26. Manuel Castelle was the first to use the term

(A) Internet society

(B) Electronic society

(C) Network society

(D) Telematic society

Answer: (C)

27. GIF stands for

(A) Global Information Format

(B) Graphics Information Format

(C) Graphics Interchange File

(D) Graphics Interchange Format

Answer: (D)

28. Which one of the following is not an Operating System ?

(A) IBM AIX

(B) Linux

(C) Sun Solaris

(D) Firefox

Answer: (D)

29. Which of the following is/are a minority institution(s) ?

1. Punjabi University, Patiala

2. Osmania University, Hyderabad

3. Kashmir University, Srinagar

4. St. Stephens College, Delhi

Select the correct answer from the code given below :

Codes :

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 4

(C) 2 only

(D) 4 only

Answer: (D)

30. Which of the following statements are correct about the National Advisory Council (NAC) ?

1. The National Advisory Council is a statutory body.

2. It is headed by the Prime Minister of India.

3. It facilitates constant interaction with the leaders of civil society.

4. It provides policy and legislative inputs to the Government of India.

Select the correct answer from the code given below :

Codes :

(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 2, 3 and 4

(C) 1, 3 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

Answer: (D)

31. Which of the following are voluntary provisions in the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1992) ?

1. Minimum age of 21 for contesting elections to Panchayats.

2. Indirect elections to the post of Chairperson of Panchayats at the intermediate and district levels.

3. Representation of Members of Parliament and State Legislature on Panchayati Raj institutions.

4. Reservation of seats for backward classes.

Select the correct answer from the code given below :

Codes :

(A) 1, 2 and 4

(B) 2, 3 and 4

(C) 1, 2 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

Answer: (D)

32. In which of the following States the segment of population, which is in majority, enjoys the benefit of reservation of seats in the State Assembly ?

(A) Meghalaya and Mizoram

(B) Assam and Nagaland

(C) Madhya Pradesh and Assam

(D) Rajasthan and Arunachal Pradesh

Answer: (A)

33. Which of the following are the ways of acquiring Indian citizenship ?

1. Birth

2. Descent

3. Naturalisation

4. Incorporation of territory

Select the correct answer from the code given below :

Codes :

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 4

(C) 1, 2 and 3

(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (D)

34. Which of the following statements about the Union Public Service Commission are correct ?

1. UPSC is a Constitutional body.

2. It serves as an advisory body.

3. It is called upon to advise the Government in regard to representation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Civil Service.

4. It is consulted on appointments of Chairman and members of Tribunals and Commissions.

Select the correct answer from the code given below :

Codes :

(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 1, 2 and 4

(C) 1, 3 and 4

(D) 1 and 2

Answer: (D)

Read the following passage carefully and answer Question Nos. from 35 to 40 :

I had occasion to work with her closely during the Women’s International Year in 1975 when she was chairing a Steering Committee and made me the member in charge of publicity. Representatives from different political parties and women’s organizations were on the committee and though the leftists claimed a sort of proprietary right over her, Aruna encouraged and treated all members alike. It was not her political affiliations or her involvement in a particular cause, which won her respect and recognition, but her utter honesty in public life, her integrity and her compassion for the oppressed which made her an adorable person. She had the courage to differ with and defy the mightiest in the land; yet her human spirit prompted her to work in the worst of slums to offer succour to the poor and the exploited.

In later years – around late eighties and early nineties – Aruna Asaf Ali’s health began to deteriorate. Though her mind remained alert, she could not actively take up her pet causes – action for women’s advancement, planning for economic justice, role of media, reaffirmation of values in public affairs etc. Slowly, her movements were restricted and Aruna who had drawn sustenance from common people, from her involvement in public life, became a lonely person. She passed away in July 1996.

35. Which Committee was chaired by Aruna ?

(A) Women’s International Year’s Committee

(B) Steering Committee of Women’s International Year

(C) A Committee of Publicity

(D) Women’s Organizations

Answer: (B)

36. Who were made the members of the Committee of Publicity ?

Choose the answer from codes given below :

(i) Representatives from different political parties.

(ii) Representatives from the leftist parties.

(iii) Representatives from the women’s organizations.

(iv) None of the above.

Codes :

(A) (i), (iii)

(B) (i), (ii)

(C) (i), (ii), (iii)

(D) (iv)

Answer: (A)

37. Aruna earned respect because of

(A) she identified with the leftists

(B) she did not associate with any political party

(C) chairing a Steering Committee

(D) she identified with women’s organizations

Answer: (B)

38. Who tried to monopolize Aruna as their proprietary right ?

(A) Women Organizations

(B) Leftists

(C) Steering Committee

(D) Some Political Parties

Answer: (B)

39. Aruna’s health began to deteriorate from

(A) 1985 – 2002

(B) 1998 – 2000

(C) 1981 – 2000

(D) 1989 – 2001

Answer: (C)

40. Aruna’s pet cause(s) in her life was/ were

(A) Role of media

(B) Economic justice

(C) Reaffirmation of values in public affairs

(D) All the above

Answer: (D)

41. A good teacher must be

(A) resourceful and autocratic

(B) resourceful and participative

(C) resourceful and authoritative

(D) resourceful and dominant

Answer: (B)

42. Which one of the following is the best method of teaching ?

(A) Lecture method

(B) Discussion method

(C) Demonstration method

(D) Question-Answer method

Answer: (C)

43. Successful Communication in classroom teaching is

(A) Circular

(B) Reciprocal

(C) Directional

(D) Influential

Answer: (B)

44. Which one of the following types of evaluation assesses the learning progress to provide continuous feedback to both teachers and students during instruction ?

(A) Placement evaluation

(B) Formative evaluation

(C) Diagnostic evaluation

(D) Summative

Answer: (B)

45. Which one of the following is a scaled down teaching situation ?

(A) Macro teaching

(B) Team teaching

(C) Cooperative teaching

(D) Micro teaching

Answer: (D)

46. CLASS stands for

(A) Complete Literacy and Studies in Schools

(B) Computer Literates and Students in Schools

(C) Computer Literacy and Studies in Schools

(D) Centre for Literacy and Studies in Schools

Answer: (C)

47. Which one of the following is not a type of experimental method ?

(A) Single group experiment

(B) Residual group experiment

(C) Parallel group experiment

(D) Rational group experiment

Answer: (B)

48. Which one of the following is not a non-parametric test ?

(A) t-test

(B) Sign test

(C) Chi-square test

(D) Run test

Answer: (A)

49. Read the following statements – one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : Qualitative research in India has a long way to go to reach international standards.

Reason (R) : Because the funding agencies do not support qualitative research in academic institutions.

Find the correct answer from the codes given below :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Answer: (C)

50. Identify the correct sequence of research steps :

(A) Selection of topic, review of literature, data collection, interpretation of findings

(B) Review of literature, selection of topic, data collection, interpretation of findings

(C) Selection of topic, data collection, review of literature, interpretation of findings

(D) Selection of topic, review of literature, interpretation of findings, data collection

Answer: (A)

51. Deconstruction is a popular method of research in

(A) Basic Science

(B) Applied Science

(C) Social Science

(D) Literature

Answer: (D)

52. With which one of the following techniques communality is associated ?

(A) Univariate analysis

(B) Factor analysis

(C) Case studies

(D) SWOT analysis

Answer: (B)

53. The variable which impacts the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable is known as

(A) antecedent variable

(B) precedent variable

(C) predictor variable

(D) control variable

Answer: (D)

54. Which one of the following is a nonprobability sampling method ?

(A) Simple Random Sampling

(B) Stratified Sampling

(C) Cluster Sampling

(D) Quota Sampling

Answer: (D)

55. By the year 2022, the Climate Change Action Plan of Government of India aims at installing

(A) 20,000 MW of wind power

(B) 25,000 MW of wind power

(C) 20,000 MW of solar power

(D) 10,000 MW of solar power

Answer: (C)

56. Which one of the following biosphere reserves has UNESCO recognition ?

(A) Manas

(B) Kanchenjunga

(C) Seshachalam Hills

(D) Greater Nicobar

Answer: (D)

57. Which activity contributes to water pollution more than any other throughout world ?

(A) Agriculture

(B) Hydroelectric power generation

(C) Industry

(D) Urbanisation

Answer: (A)

58. Match List – I with List – II and find the correct answer from the codes given below :

List – I (Biosphere Reserve)	List – II (Area of Location)
a. Nilgiri	i. Deccan Peninsula
b. Manas	ii. Chhattisgarh
c. Similipal	iii. Eastern Himalaya
d. Achankmar- Amarkantak	iv. Western Ghat

Codes :

      a b c d

(A) i ii iii iv

(B) ii iii iv i

(C) iii iv ii i

(D) iv iii i ii

Answer: (D)

59. G5 are the five most important emerging economies of world. Which one of the following does not form part of G5 ?

(A) Mexico

(B) Brazil

(C) China

(D) Korea

Answer: (D)

60. Which of the following nations has the maximum per capita emissions of carbon di-oxide?

(A) China

(B) Japan

(C) USA

(D) India

Answer: (C)

Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism

21) Transcendentalism 1840-1860 novels, hold readers attention through dread of a series of terrible possibilities, feature of dark landscapes forests, extreme vegetation, depressed characters, idealists, self reliance, Emerson and Thoreau, sin pain evil exist;Transcendentalist are

I) Emerson and Thoreau,

II) Hawthorne, Melville:

III) Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter;

IV) Poe's The Masque of the Read Death and The Black Cat

V) ALL

            ANS-V) ALL

45. Which of the following options is correct?

(i) Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement.

(ii) It flourished in the Southern States of America in the 19th century.

(iii) It was a reaction against 18th century rationalism and the skeptical philosophy of

Locke.

(iv) Among the major texts of Transcendentalist thought are the essays of Emerson,

Thoreau’s Walden and the writings of Margaret Fuller.

(A) (i) and (iv) are correct. (B) (ii) and (iii) are correct.

(C) (iii) and (iv) are correct. (D) (iv) is correct

Transcendentalism, in philosophy and literature, belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. Nearly all transcendentalist doctrines stem from the division of reality into a realm of spirit and a realm of matter.

In its most specific usage, transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the U.S. in the first half of the 19th century. While the movement was, in part, a reaction to certain 18th-century rationalist doctrines, it was strongly influenced by Deism, which, although rationalist, was opposed to Calvinist orthodoxy. Transcendentalism also involved a rejection of the strict Puritan religious attitudes that were the heritage of New England, where the movement originated. In addition, it opposed the strict ritualism and dogmatic theology of all established religious institutions.

American transcendentalism began with the formation (1836) of the Transcendental Club in Boston. Among the leaders of the movement were the essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson, the feminist and social reformer Margaret Fuller, the preacher Theodore Parker, the educator Bronson Alcott, the philosopher William Ellery Channing, and the author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendental Club published a magazine, The Dial, and some of the club's members participated in an experiment in communal living at Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, during the 1840s. Major transcendentalist works of the American movement include Emerson's essays “Nature” (1836) and “Self-Reliance” (1841), as well as many of his metaphysical poems, and also Thoreau's Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854), which is an account of an individual's attempt to live simply and in harmony with nature.

 1. How can the prisoner reach outside except by

thrusting through the wall? To me the white whale

is that wall, shoved near to me. Sometimes I think

there’s naught beyond. But ’tis enough. He tasks

me; he heaps me; I see in him outrageous

strength, with an inscrutable malice sinewing it.

That inscrutable thing is chiefly what I hate; and

be the white whale agent, or be the white whale

principal, I will wreak that hate upon him.

 The speaker of the lines above is

(A) Queequeg

(B) Father Mapple

(C) Ishmael

(D) Starbuck

(E) Captain Ahab

            Ans-(E) Captain Ahab