Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism

21) Transcendentalism 1840-1860 novels, hold readers attention through dread of a series of terrible possibilities, feature of dark landscapes forests, extreme vegetation, depressed characters, idealists, self reliance, Emerson and Thoreau, sin pain evil exist;Transcendentalist are

I) Emerson and Thoreau,

II) Hawthorne, Melville:

III) Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter;

IV) Poe's The Masque of the Read Death and The Black Cat

V) ALL

            ANS-V) ALL

45. Which of the following options is correct?

(i) Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement.

(ii) It flourished in the Southern States of America in the 19th century.

(iii) It was a reaction against 18th century rationalism and the skeptical philosophy of

Locke.

(iv) Among the major texts of Transcendentalist thought are the essays of Emerson,

Thoreau’s Walden and the writings of Margaret Fuller.

(A) (i) and (iv) are correct. (B) (ii) and (iii) are correct.

(C) (iii) and (iv) are correct. (D) (iv) is correct

Transcendentalism, in philosophy and literature, belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. Nearly all transcendentalist doctrines stem from the division of reality into a realm of spirit and a realm of matter.

In its most specific usage, transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the U.S. in the first half of the 19th century. While the movement was, in part, a reaction to certain 18th-century rationalist doctrines, it was strongly influenced by Deism, which, although rationalist, was opposed to Calvinist orthodoxy. Transcendentalism also involved a rejection of the strict Puritan religious attitudes that were the heritage of New England, where the movement originated. In addition, it opposed the strict ritualism and dogmatic theology of all established religious institutions.

American transcendentalism began with the formation (1836) of the Transcendental Club in Boston. Among the leaders of the movement were the essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson, the feminist and social reformer Margaret Fuller, the preacher Theodore Parker, the educator Bronson Alcott, the philosopher William Ellery Channing, and the author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendental Club published a magazine, The Dial, and some of the club's members participated in an experiment in communal living at Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, during the 1840s. Major transcendentalist works of the American movement include Emerson's essays “Nature” (1836) and “Self-Reliance” (1841), as well as many of his metaphysical poems, and also Thoreau's Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854), which is an account of an individual's attempt to live simply and in harmony with nature.

 1. How can the prisoner reach outside except by

thrusting through the wall? To me the white whale

is that wall, shoved near to me. Sometimes I think

there’s naught beyond. But ’tis enough. He tasks

me; he heaps me; I see in him outrageous

strength, with an inscrutable malice sinewing it.

That inscrutable thing is chiefly what I hate; and

be the white whale agent, or be the white whale

principal, I will wreak that hate upon him.

 The speaker of the lines above is

(A) Queequeg

(B) Father Mapple

(C) Ishmael

(D) Starbuck

(E) Captain Ahab

            Ans-(E) Captain Ahab